What is it about? The Tuckman model describes the stages of development of a forming group and deduces patterns of effective interaction. Participants go through five stages – from acquaintance to achieving a result and parting.
How is it used? The model is applicable in various areas: sales, management, psychology, work on a new project. It is important to study and correctly use the principles described by Bruce Tuckman in order to achieve the intended goals.
The article explains:
What is Bruce Tuckman's model?
Forming stage
Storming stage
Norming stage
Performing stage
The fifth stage chinese overseas europe data package of Tuckman's model is separation.
4 properties of the Tuckman model
Practice of using Tuckman model
How to smooth transitions between stages using the Tuckman model
Weaknesses of the Tuckman model in Russian realities
Frequently Asked Questions about the Tuckman Model
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What is Bruce Tuckman's model?
When creating a new team, efficiency may be low. It takes time and effort to achieve optimal team performance. Each specific team has its own individual characteristics and goals for formation, but the development process usually goes through several main stages. One of the most well-known approaches to describing the stages of team development is proposed by the Tuckman model. At each stage, the leader performs certain tasks. When a step is completed, the team proceeds to the next one.
It is not worth thinking that Tuckman's model was developed solely on the basis of studying office teams. Psychologist Bruce Tuckman analyzed groups formed from military personnel. In particular, he studied the behavior of submarine crews during long voyages. The large volume of work done allows us to consider the results of this study reliable. Staying in a confined space underwater for a long time is a serious test. The level of interaction and cohesion of the team directly affects the safety of their activities. In this regard, the formation of the submarine crew occurs with special care and attention to detail.
Bruce Tuckman's Model
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Psychological research has revealed general patterns in the development of interactions between team members, regardless of their individual characteristics. As a result of the studies, a theory was formulated that was named after its creator. Tuckman's model, presented in 1965, identifies four main stages of group development:
Formation. At this stage, the group members are just getting to know each other. The rules of interaction have not yet been established. Everyone strives to demonstrate their best qualities.
Conflict. In this step, the group faces disagreements that have accumulated during the previous stage. Misunderstandings, suppressed by social norms, eventually manifest as conflicts that need to be resolved.
Norming: At this stage, disagreements subside and group members begin to actively exchange their thoughts, which helps establish effective communication.
Functioning. At the last stage, the team successfully copes with the tasks set before it and achieves its goals.
This sequence plays an important role in the development of the team. In 1977, during the revision of the theory together with Mary Ann Jensen, the fifth stage was formulated - "Separation" or "Break". During this period, the group can either break up or temporarily suspend its activities.
It turned out that this model is applicable not only to military crews, but also to office workers. To achieve the set goals, it is not enough to have well-established business processes and a clear development plan. It is also important to take into account the psychological characteristics of each team member. The relationships between the participants are of great importance for the overall performance of the company. That is why modern managers and specialists actively use the Bruce Tuckman project team development model for the most effective organization of work in a team.