They are installed in the gables and serve to ventilate the attic space.

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The openings under the eaves are protected from rodents and birds by soffit grilles: they can be replaced by lining with small gaps between the boards

Dormer windows.
The dormer window is one of the important elements of roof ventilation.

Ventilation outlets. Just like aerators, they are chinese thailand data of pipes, but they are not intended for ventilation of the under-roof gap, but for connecting them to exhaust ducts of the general house ventilation or for ventilation of the attic.
The ventilation outlet can be connected to the house exhaust system or used to ventilate the under-roof space.

Aerators, also called deflectors and weather vanes. They are cut into the roof covering at the ridge itself and serve to remove air from the under-roof space, i.e. perform the same function as the hole under the ridge. They are used in conditions where the thickness of the snow cover on the roof can exceed 2-3 cm (with small slopes), as a result of which the ventilation gap under the ridge would be sealed.
A roof aerator is used to remove air from the under-roof space in cases where there is snow on the roof.

Features of the design of aerators
There are two types of aerators available:

point;
linear or continuous (installed along the entire length of the slope or ridge).
In addition, they also differ in the place of installation - they can be ridge or pitched.

The aerator design can be made in the form of:

mushroom;
tiles.